London and South-East England planting calendar
Cool summers limit heat-loving crops outdoors; long mild autumns favour leafy crops and overwintered alliums. Frost-free season about 195 days.
Climate assumptions
RHS hardiness H4–H5 (approximately USDA 8–9). Mild, cloudy maritime climate.
Average last spring frost: Apr 20 ± 14 days
Average first autumn frost: Nov 1 ± 14 days
Status: supported region.
Caveats
- Tomatoes, peppers and aubergines often perform better under cover.
- Slugs and snails are the dominant pest; plan protection for seedlings.
A hardiness zone describes winter minimum temperature; it is one input, not a vegetable planting schedule. Why frost dates matter more →
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Warm-season crops (20)
BasilOcimum basilicum
BorageBorago officinalis
BuckwheatFagopyrum esculentum
Bush beansPhaseolus vulgaris
CornZea mays
CosmosCosmos bipinnatus
CucumberCucumis sativus
EggplantSolanum melongena
French marigoldTagetes patula
MelonCucumis melo
NasturtiumTropaeolum majus
OkraAbelmoschus esculentus
PepperCapsicum annuum
Pole beansPhaseolus vulgaris / P. coccineus
PumpkinCucurbita pepo / C. maxima
SunflowerHelianthus annuus
Sweet potatoIpomoea batatas
TomatoSolanum lycopersicum
Winter squashCucurbita maxima / C. moschata / C. pepo
ZucchiniCucurbita pepo| Plant | Start indoors | Direct sow | Autumn sow | Transplant | Tend | Harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Basil | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | May 4–Jun 1 (estimate) | — | May 4–May 18 (estimate) | Jun 1–Jun 23 (estimate) | Jun 23–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Borage | — | Apr 20–May 18 (estimate) | — | — | May 18–Jun 9 (estimate) | Jun 9–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Buckwheat | — | Apr 27–Jun 29 (estimate); Jun 29–Sep 18 (estimate) | — | — | — | May 27–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Bush beans | — | Apr 27–Jun 15 (estimate); Jun 15–Aug 29 (estimate) | — | — | — | Jun 16–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Corn | — | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | — | May 18–Jul 1 (estimate) | Jul 1–Sep 4 (estimate) |
| Cosmos | Mar 16–Mar 30 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 21 (estimate) | Jun 21–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Cucumber | Mar 23–Mar 30 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 16 (estimate) | Jun 16–Sep 7 (estimate) |
| Eggplant | Feb 9–Feb 23 (estimate) | — | — | May 4–May 18 (estimate) | May 18–Jul 8 (estimate) | Jul 8–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| French marigold | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 16 (estimate) | Jun 16–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Melon | Mar 23–Mar 30 (estimate) | May 4–May 18 (estimate) | — | May 4–May 18 (estimate) | May 18–Jul 13 (estimate) | Jul 13–Sep 6 (estimate) |
| Nasturtium | Mar 23–Apr 6 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 6 (estimate) | Jun 6–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Okra | Mar 23–Mar 30 (estimate) | May 11–May 25 (estimate) | — | May 11–May 25 (estimate) | May 25–Jul 5 (estimate) | Jul 5–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Pepper | Feb 9–Feb 23 (estimate) | — | — | May 4–May 18 (estimate) | May 18–Jul 3 (estimate) | Jul 3–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Pole beans | — | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | — | May 18–Jun 26 (estimate) | Jun 26–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Pumpkin | Mar 30–Apr 6 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jul 26 (estimate) | Jul 26–Sep 29 (estimate) |
| Sunflower | — | Apr 27–May 25 (estimate) | — | — | May 25–Jul 6 (estimate) | Jul 6–Sep 16 (estimate) |
| Sweet potato | — | — | — | May 11–Jun 1 (estimate) | Jun 1–Aug 9 (estimate) | Aug 9–Oct 13 (estimate) |
| Tomato | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jun 26 (estimate) | Jun 26–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Winter squash | Mar 23–Mar 30 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jul 21 (estimate) | Jul 21–Sep 19 (estimate) |
| Zucchini | Mar 23–Mar 30 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 18 (estimate) | — | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 11 (estimate) | Jun 11–Nov 1 (estimate) |
Cool-season crops (31)
ArugulaEruca vesicaria subsp. sativa
BeetBeta vulgaris
Bok choyBrassica rapa subsp. chinensis
BroccoliBrassica oleracea var. italica
Brussels sproutsBrassica oleracea var. gemmifera
CabbageBrassica oleracea var. capitata
CalendulaCalendula officinalis
CarrotDaucus carota subsp. sativus
CauliflowerBrassica oleracea var. botrytis
CeleryApium graveolens var. dulce
CilantroCoriandrum sativum
CollardsBrassica oleracea var. viridis
DillAnethum graveolens
Florence fennelFoeniculum vulgare var. azoricum
GarlicAllium sativum
KaleBrassica oleracea var. sabellica
KohlrabiBrassica oleracea var. gongylodes
LeekAllium ampeloprasum (Porrum Group)
LettuceLactuca sativa
Mustard greensBrassica juncea
OnionAllium cepa
ParsleyPetroselinum crispum
ParsnipPastinaca sativa
PeasPisum sativum
PotatoSolanum tuberosum
RadishRaphanus sativus
SpinachSpinacia oleracea
Sweet alyssumLobularia maritima
Swiss chardBeta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris (Cicla Group)
TurnipBrassica rapa subsp. rapa
White cloverTrifolium repens| Plant | Start indoors | Direct sow | Autumn sow | Transplant | Tend | Harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arugula | — | Mar 23–May 11 (estimate); May 11–Sep 23 (estimate) | Sep 6–Oct 11 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 17–Nov 23 (estimate) |
| Beet | — | Mar 23–May 18 (estimate); May 18–Aug 29 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 6 (estimate) | — | — | May 12–Dec 5 (estimate) |
| Bok choy | Mar 16–Mar 30 (estimate) | Mar 30–May 4 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 20 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | — | May 4–Jul 7 (estimate) |
| Broccoli | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | Jul 26–Aug 9 (estimate) | Mar 30–Apr 20 (estimate) | Apr 20–May 24 (estimate) | May 24–Aug 6 (estimate) |
| Brussels sprouts | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 6–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jul 5 (estimate) | Jul 5–Nov 3 (estimate) |
| Cabbage | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | Jul 26–Aug 9 (estimate) | Mar 23–Apr 13 (estimate) | Apr 13–May 22 (estimate) | May 22–Aug 12 (estimate) |
| Calendula | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 11 (estimate) | Sep 6–Sep 20 (estimate) | Apr 13–May 4 (estimate) | May 11–May 21 (estimate) | May 21–Oct 30 (estimate) |
| Carrot | — | Mar 30–Jun 1 (estimate); Jun 1–Aug 19 (estimate) | Aug 9–Aug 23 (estimate) | — | — | May 29–Dec 19 (estimate) |
| Cauliflower | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | Jul 26–Aug 9 (estimate) | Apr 6–Apr 27 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 31 (estimate) | May 31–Jul 30 (estimate) |
| Celery | Jan 26–Feb 9 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 20–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jul 14 (estimate) | Jul 14–Oct 20 (estimate) |
| Cilantro | — | Mar 30–May 11 (estimate); May 11–Sep 8 (estimate) | Aug 23–Oct 4 (estimate) | — | — | May 9–Nov 28 (estimate) |
| Collards | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | Aug 9–Sep 6 (estimate) | Mar 23–Apr 20 (estimate) | May 4–May 17 (estimate) | May 17–Sep 26 (estimate) |
| Dill | — | Apr 6–May 18 (estimate); May 18–Sep 8 (estimate) | — | — | — | May 16–Nov 1 (estimate) |
| Florence fennel | Mar 23–Mar 30 (estimate) | Apr 20–May 18 (estimate) | Aug 9–Sep 6 (estimate) | Apr 27–May 11 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 24 (estimate) | Jun 24–Sep 6 (estimate) |
| Garlic | — | Mar 9–Apr 6 (estimate) | Sep 20–Oct 18 (estimate) | — | Apr 6–Nov 4 (estimate) | Nov 4–Jan 15 (estimate) |
| Kale | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 18 (estimate) | Aug 9–Sep 6 (estimate) | Mar 23–Apr 20 (estimate) | — | May 12–Oct 14 (estimate) |
| Kohlrabi | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 6 (estimate) | Mar 30–Apr 20 (estimate) | May 4–May 14 (estimate) | May 14–Jul 17 (estimate) |
| Leek | Feb 9–Feb 23 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | May 4–Jul 15 (estimate) | Jul 15–Dec 24 (estimate) |
| Lettuce | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Mar 23–May 18 (estimate); May 18–Sep 18 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 20 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | — | Apr 22–Dec 8 (estimate) |
| Mustard greens | — | Mar 23–May 4 (estimate); May 4–Sep 18 (estimate) | Sep 6–Oct 4 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 22–Nov 23 (estimate) |
| Onion | Feb 9–Feb 23 (estimate) | Mar 23–Apr 13 (estimate) | — | Mar 23–Apr 20 (estimate) | Apr 20–Jun 21 (estimate) | Jun 21–Sep 8 (estimate) |
| Parsley | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | Mar 30–May 11 (estimate) | — | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | May 11–Jun 8 (estimate) | Jun 8–Dec 27 (estimate) |
| Parsnip | — | Apr 6–May 18 (estimate) | — | — | May 18–Jul 15 (estimate) | Jul 15–Dec 18 (estimate) |
| Peas | — | Mar 9–Apr 20 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 6 (estimate) | — | Apr 20–May 3 (estimate) | May 3–Jul 27 (estimate) |
| Potato | — | Mar 30–May 4 (estimate) | — | — | May 4–Jun 8 (estimate) | Jun 8–Sep 29 (estimate) |
| Radish | — | Mar 23–May 18 (estimate); May 18–Sep 26 (estimate) | Sep 6–Oct 4 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 14–Nov 14 (estimate) |
| Spinach | — | Mar 9–Apr 20 (estimate); Apr 20–Sep 13 (estimate) | Sep 6–Oct 4 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 13–Nov 23 (estimate) |
| Sweet alyssum | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 13–May 11 (estimate) | — | Apr 13–May 4 (estimate) | May 11–May 28 (estimate) | May 28–Oct 30 (estimate) |
| Swiss chard | Mar 9–Mar 23 (estimate) | Apr 6–Jun 1 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 6 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | — | May 26–Nov 20 (estimate) |
| Turnip | — | Mar 23–May 4 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 20 (estimate) | — | — | May 2–Jul 24 (estimate) |
| White clover | — | Mar 30–Jun 1 (estimate) | Aug 23–Sep 20 (estimate) | — | — | May 9–Dec 18 (estimate) |
Perennials (12)
AsparagusAsparagus officinalis
BlueberryVaccinium corymbosum
ChivesAllium schoenoprasum
LavenderLavandula angustifolia
MintMentha spicata / M. × piperita
OreganoOriganum vulgare
RaspberryRubus idaeus
RhubarbRheum × hybridum
RosemarySalvia rosmarinus
SageSalvia officinalis
StrawberryFragaria × ananassa
ThymeThymus vulgaris| Plant | Start indoors | Direct sow | Autumn sow | Transplant | Tend | Harvest |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Asparagus | — | — | — | Mar 23–Apr 20 (estimate) | Apr 20–Mar 23 (estimate) | Mar 23–Jun 8 (estimate) |
| Blueberry | — | — | Sep 6–Oct 4 (estimate) | Mar 23–May 4 (estimate) | May 4–Mar 23 (estimate) | Mar 23–Jun 1 (estimate) |
| Chives | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | — | Apr 6–May 4 (estimate) | May 4–Jun 5 (estimate) | Jun 5–Dec 20 (estimate) |
| Lavender | — | — | — | Apr 20–May 18 (estimate) | May 18–Apr 20 (estimate) | Apr 20–Jul 20 (estimate) |
| Mint | — | — | — | Apr 6–May 18 (estimate) | May 18–Jun 5 (estimate) | Jun 5–Mar 14 (estimate) |
| Oregano | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 20–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jul 9 (estimate) | Jul 9–Mar 7 (estimate) |
| Raspberry | — | — | — | Mar 9–Apr 20 (estimate) | Apr 20–Mar 9 (estimate) | Mar 9–Aug 25 (estimate) |
| Rhubarb | — | — | — | Mar 9–Apr 20 (estimate) | Apr 20–Mar 9 (estimate) | Mar 9–Jun 15 (estimate) |
| Rosemary | — | — | — | May 4–May 18 (estimate) | May 18–Aug 2 (estimate) | Aug 2–Apr 13 (estimate) |
| Sage | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 20–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jul 4 (estimate) | Jul 4–Mar 7 (estimate) |
| Strawberry | — | — | Sep 6–Oct 4 (estimate) | Mar 23–May 4 (estimate) | May 4–May 22 (estimate) | May 22–Aug 30 (estimate) |
| Thyme | Feb 23–Mar 9 (estimate) | — | — | Apr 20–May 11 (estimate) | May 11–Jun 29 (estimate) | Jun 29–Mar 7 (estimate) |
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